I was very certain that it was as well but it looks like it’s just weirdly smoothed after being downscaled. Here’s a source with a higher quality image: https://www.radiozwickau.de/beitrag/ausgebuexter-polarfuchs-haelt-nickerchen-in-weisskeissel-770885/

Edit: Or follow the link OP provided, I initially didn’t see that.

I have no idea how Puppeteer handles this but Playwright has a little section on Chrome within Docker: https://playwright.dev/docs/docker#run-the-image

Basically, the Chrome sandbox needs a non-root user as well as a different seccomp profile configuration. No idea if this helps or if you already tried this but it’s worth giving it a shot.

Which I just now (after posting) noticed was already mentioned in a different comment. Sorry!